The Windows 11 updates KB5083769 and KB5083631 both disabled disk imaging for all third-party tools that rely on VSS, such as Macrium Reflect, EaseUS. MS also confirmed that some devices may boot into BitLocker recovery mode after installing KB5082063.
Great! My drivers are safe, but the PC is stuck in recovery mode, previous drive images may not be accessible, and it can no longer be imaged with current software... Oh, wait, this PC dual-boots Windows 10 and Linux, so I have no issues.