Crushing soda cans for science, why dolphins swim so fast, how urine helps mushrooms communicate, and more
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ETA:Thanks to microscopic fossils, the Melbourne researchers found that the formation is younger than previously thought: 8.6 to 14 million years old, compared to the previous estimate of 7 to 14 million years.
And the pillars themselves were created due to erosion in the last few thousand years:
- Shallow shelf conditions after ca 12.6 Ma led to the deposition of the youngest carbonate unit in the region, the yellow Port Campbell Limestones with similar conditions persisting until at least 8.6 Ma. The brittle cemented yellow Port Campbell Limestone prevails in the upper half of most cliff sections and in the upper part of most sea stacks of the Twelve Apostles.
- Uplift, karstification and erosion, terminated Port Campbell Limestone deposition after 8.6 Ma. Northwest–southeast compression formed broad open anticlines and synclines with minor thrust faulting.
The present cliffs and sea stacks in the Port Campbell region were created since the Last Glacial Maximum (23 000–20 000 year ago) as the sea-level rose 125 m forming the present shoreline. In the last few thousand years, the sea has eroded the brittle Port Campbell Limestone forming cliffs and promontories. Arches formed where the sea undermined promontories, and these continuously collapse forming sea stacks. Therefore, while the layers of the Twelve Apostles record millions of years of Earth history, the sea stacks and cliffs represent a relatively short and ephemeral part of that history.
Who doesn’t love to watch those YouTube videos of people using hydraulics to crush a variety of objects?Y
I'm still confused how a date range that ends at 14mya can be conclusively stated to be younger than another date range that ends at 14mya.Maybe I just need more coffee, but are these numbers presented backwards?Or are they older, not younger than previously thought?
ETA: the more I think about this, they almost have to be backwards - with finding a fossil 7M years old expanding the date range.
Maybe I just need more coffee, but are these numbers presented backwards?Or are they older, not younger than previously thought?
ETA: the more I think about this, they almost have to be backwards - with finding a fossil 7M years old expanding the date range.
So are you accusing the researchers of using AI when writing their original papers? I'm confuzzled.The AI is painfully obvious in some of these articles. I guess Ars never said anything about promoting OTHERS AI bullcrap.
The only thing more tiresome than AI-generated crap is baseless human-generated crap accusations of things being AI-generated crap.The AI is painfully obvious in some of these articles. I guess Ars never said anything about promoting OTHERS AI bullcrap.
Per your edit: but that would make it older, not younger... right? Tell me I'm not taking crazy pills here...I too puzzled over this for longer than I feel comfortable admitting, but if the formation is indeed younger than previously thought, then the author has the old and new ranges reversed. As the dates are given, the formation is now older than previously thought.
Edit:
I don't think the study itself ever mentions either age range, but the lead author, Stephen Gallagher, did say this in the University of Melbourne media release: "Early preliminary research indicated the ancient limestone layers ranged between 7 to 15 million years old, but we discovered microscopic fossils that more accurately dated the layers as 8.6 to 14 million years old,"
Source: University of Melbourne media release
So the formation is now believed to be younger, and the typo was in the original estimate of the age range.
This is presented almost as an afterthought, but is the most amazing detail....The authors also found that there were shorter fluctuations in the solar cycles at that time: seven- to eight-year cycles, vs. the eleven-year-cycles we see today.
Those poor physicists! /sWho doesn’t love to watch those YouTube videos of people using hydraulics to crush a variety of objects? That includes physicists at the University of Manchester
David Bowie sends his support.I want to know more about how dolphins swim fast not to make better robots, but to be able to swim more efficiently myself
Thanks to microscopic fossils, the Melbourne researchers found that the formation is younger than previously thought: 8.6 to 14 million years old, compared to the previous estimate of 7 to 14 million years.
Don't crush that physicist, hand me the pliers!Those poor physicists! /s
I want to learn more about these amazing photos...The standard method for identifying when an SPE occurred is measuring carbon-14, produced when high-energy photos penetrate the Earth’s magnetic field (usually near the poles) and collide with gases in the atmosphere.
But the entrapped pollen and other contaminants would indicate where the pitch was applied?it’s just that we have to be careful about assuming such commodities were only consumed local to where they were produced.
I think you may be missing the possibility that the pollen and other contaminants were present in the pitch when and where it was produced, which may be far removed (time-wise and geographically) from where it was applied.But the entrapped pollen and other contaminants would indicate where the pitch was applied?
It’s well known that mushrooms have a vast, interconnected underground network by which they can communicate; it’s the main body of the mushroom, in fact, rather than what we see growing on the surface. But little is known about how, exactly, information spreads across these mycelial networks.
If a tree falls in the forest and there is nobody there to ... there is always something there to observe and gossip about it.Its interesting to think that trees communicate through their roots and these fungal networks about all sorts of things... But its also mildly disconcerting to consider that if a bear defecates in the woods (or you for that matter), the whole forest may be gossiping about it...
'Protons'?The standard method for identifying when an SPE occurred is measuring carbon-14, produced when high-energy photos penetrate the Earth’s magnetic field
Probably. Wikipedia says cosmic rays, but 90 % of those are protons. If you follow the rabbit hole to Air Showers, they eventually produce neutrons among other things, and the neutrons then react with N14, yielding C14.'Protons'?
It can be done."applying water around one mushroom increased electrical activity (and hence the flow of information), while applying water across a larger area reduced electrical activity. Applying urine to just one mushroom also reduced information flow. "
but, why did they fail to also try applying urine across a larger area? ^^ Or was the "44-year-old male without any chronic disease" who supplied the urine not up to the task?
High enough energy photos would be fine. They are packed full of protons and neutrons!'Protons'?
It is imperative that the physicist remains intact.Don't crush that physicist, hand me the pliers!
You may have confused that with the Highlander.If I remember the story from the Christian Torah properly, there will eventually only be one apostle left standing.
And BrawndoHigh enough energy photos would be fine. They are packed full of protons and neutrons!
And to think, this was part of the plot to Star Trek: Discovery!mycelial networks
As far as I can tell, US English was actually designed to be close to achieving maximal ambiguity.The shipwreck article title had me going "Huh"? Shipwreck repairs? Who is breaking the shipwrecks, and why? I like my shipwrecks intact!