This is my problem with archaeology. I'm pretty good with theory and interpretation. I resolutely do not have the attention to detail to notice that that tiny fragment of rock is unlike all the other tiny fragments of rock I might come across.
one of the techniques used is simply to rope off the site into a grid and just spend all day digging in that one single square you're to work on. its kind of autistic in a way but it lets you pay attention to every pebble and pottery fragment