China has completed another impressive robotic mission to the Moon

justskot

Wise, Aged Ars Veteran
102
ok: so, I'm an engineer, but in s/w these days: and certainly not in space systems

The question:
The Chinese now have a repeatedly proven sample return architecture:

to make this a Mars sample return mission: is this "simply" a matter of delta-V?
(and travel time)
(assumption ton the delta-V is assumed to be two things: a Mars transfer orbit means more energy to get on the way to mars (so a more powerful booster?) , and then a more powerful ascent stage due to gravity difference between Mars and the moon?)

The 'only' difference I can think of between a moon landing and a Mars landing for this architecture would be dealing with the Mars atmosphere. But given that their architecture already presupposes that they're descending from orbit, the need to dump speed via an ablative aeroshell and then a big supersonic parachute seems to much less challenging than the recent NASA/JPL landings coming in straight in and 'hot' without an orbital injection.

They can get to the moon, do an orbital insertion, descend, collect samples, ascend, and get back to earth.


I assume i'm missing something big here: but at this second, all I can think of is "more energy to get to Mars" and "a parachute and modest heat shield "

All those systems you mentioned are bespoke to the mission requirements. Delta v to orbit and the later Mars orbital insertion are probably the most flexible of the requirements, but everything else will depend on specific requirements of the Mars mission.


I don't think we will ever see a ship lift off Mars in our lifetime. Scaling up the Moon mission starts to make logistical challenges that we've barely started addressing off of paper.
 
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adespoton

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I'm excited for the science that might come from far-side moon rocks.

moon_rocks_223485-888599399.jpg
 
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flerchin

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Nexus

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Because the samples are carefully packaged with no risk of being exposed. Like in all the sample return missions, of which it is not the easiest specification...
(all, save, maybe and IIRC, a NASA one from a comet sample whose capsule failed its entry and got half-burned? but I'm not sure)
All I have to go by is the on pic in this article and I dont see it referenced in the article itself, but is there info they cracked it open at the landing site or hauled the whole thing off to a facility before opening it?
 
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DaiMacculate

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There is no race. The moon isn't a useful place to be.
Ok, I'll bite. What is a "useful place to be" when it comes to manned space exploration if its not the moon? There are some good arguments for Mars being a "better" place to explore, but since the US Government and the PRC are currently funding moon missions and not Mars missions, they seem somewhat moot.
 
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Communism as defined by Marx and Engels has never existed as a social/public policy. The name is the only thing that was ever adopted.
Well, pure capitalism doesn't exist either. Charles Dickens even wrote about orphanages and poor houses that capitalists had to support by forces of the State. Food for thought...
 
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'Keep up'? Keep up? The Chinese have landed on the moon and Mars. That's it.
Have they gone to Venus? No. Have they gone to Jupiter? No. Saturn? No. Uranus, Neptune, Pluto? No. OK Any space telescopes? Nope. Been to any asteroids? Ahhhh, no.
Umm....who needs to 'keep up' again?
Calm down, little grasshopper. Yes, we have gone to all the places you mentioned (and then some). BUT, we haven't been back to the Moon since 1972. So yes, we gotta keep up - if we are still interested in Moon exploration/exploitation - which I believe we are. Especially if our biggest competitor has the same interest too!
 
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andygates

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ok: so, I'm an engineer, but in s/w these days: and certainly not in space systems

The question:
The Chinese now have a repeatedly proven sample return architecture:

to make this a Mars sample return mission: is this "simply" a matter of delta-V?
(and travel time)
(assumption ton the delta-V is assumed to be two things: a Mars transfer orbit means more energy to get on the way to mars (so a more powerful booster?) , and then a more powerful ascent stage due to gravity difference between Mars and the moon?)

The 'only' difference I can think of between a moon landing and a Mars landing for this architecture would be dealing with the Mars atmosphere. But given that their architecture already presupposes that they're descending from orbit, the need to dump speed via an ablative aeroshell and then a big supersonic parachute seems to much less challenging than the recent NASA/JPL landings coming in straight in and 'hot' without an orbital injection.

They can get to the moon, do an orbital insertion, descend, collect samples, ascend, and get back to earth.


I assume i'm missing something big here: but at this second, all I can think of is "more energy to get to Mars" and "a parachute and modest heat shield "

Mars landings are tricky: enough atmosphere to be challenging (like the upper Earth) but not thin or slow enough to just kiss down with retros.

Tsiolkovsky hates our guts, so when you do an orbital insertion, etc, etc, etc, everything needs fuel you gotta bring, unless you're doing curveballs like ISRU. Which would totally change the archimatecture.
 
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multimediavt

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If two entities duplicate the same work then its wasteful.

No, it's absolutely not. The whole point of the scientific process is results are verfied by duplication. That's how science works.

Sure if you rule out cooperation then competition is the next best thing, but its not the best thing.
Yes, it is the best thing. Competition brings out the best in humanity when not done in an agressive way. Scientific competition, the pushing of boundaries to achieve results in a noncombative way is always going to be better than cooperation or we'd have only one set of K-12 schools and one national university, and only one national lab. The competition between the entitites is what makes things go forward, faster. History tells us this.
 
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Lexus Lunar Lorry

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llanitedave

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No, it's absolutely not. The whole point of the scientific process is results are verfied by duplication. That's how science works.


Yes, it is the best thing. Competition brings out the best in humanity when not done in an agressive way. Scientific competition, the pushing of boundaries to achieve results in a noncombative way is always going to be better than cooperation or we'd have only one set of K-12 schools and one national university, and only one national lab. The competition between the entitites is what makes things go forward, faster. History tells us this.
The two aren't mutually exclusive. Parties can compete and cooperate simultaneously. In fact, in order to be be mutually beneficial, that's exactly what has to happen.
 
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Ceedave

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Yes, it is the best thing. Competition brings out the best in humanity when not done in an agressive way. Scientific competition, the pushing of boundaries to achieve results in a noncombative way is always going to be better than cooperation or we'd have only one set of K-12 schools and one national university, and only one national lab. The competition between the entitites is what makes things go forward, faster. History tells us this.
I have a counterexample, where competition was very harmful.

E D Cope and O Marsh were fierce competitors in obtaining Cenozoic and Mesozoic fossils (esp. dinosaurs), and describing and naming them. Besides the fact that their haste may have destroyed some fossils, the rush to publish resulted in a lot of bad taxonomy as everyone wanted to get the naming privileges. That taxonomic mess is still being cleaned up.

Search for the names, “bone wars”, or “gilded dinosaur” if you are curious.
 
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That sample reentry capsule looks like a downsized version of the reentry module from the manned Shenzhou spacecraft.
It basically is, except the different type of connection between parachute and capsule, and the exclusion of retro rocket triggered right before touchdown.
 
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m0nckywrench

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Or maybe we could be working together rather than competing separately.
Cooperating with another genocidal totalitarian enemy state, Russia, is a gift to Russia. The idea space cooperation is more than political window dressing targeting the desperately naive is hilariously unworldly.

Enemy aerospace programs are not "civilian" activities. Funding enemy armed forces even more than the billions we permit in trade is dangerous not wise. The US has the option to work with the worlds largest democracy, India, instead of India's enemy, China. It can work with the democratic nations of Europe and Asia.
 
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I have a counterexample, where competition was very harmful.

E D Cope and O Marsh were fierce competitors in obtaining Cenozoic and Mesozoic fossils (esp. dinosaurs), and describing and naming them. Besides the fact that their haste may have destroyed some fossils, the rush to publish resulted in a lot of bad taxonomy as everyone wanted to get the naming privileges. That taxonomic mess is still being cleaned up.

Search for the names, “bone wars”, or “gilded dinosaur” if you are curious.
I don't see that as a counter example. I see that as a byproduct (the taxonomy) being poorly constructed, but the overall work as being beneficial due to the competition. Just because there was conflict over the outcomes of the work doesn't mean the work itself was bad due to competition. My opinion, YMMV. Although the benefits/consequences to all humanity from the work you point out may be less obvious?
 
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adpenner@tpn

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All valid points. But, since the NASA missions have accomplished already what the Chinese intend to do, where's the 'keeping up'? Our future missions mean to look elsewhere, such as Europa and Titan. (Not Triton) The Chinese-and anyone else-are free to do what we've already done, so good on 'em.
The race you're talking about was all about being the first to land on the moon, and yes, the US won that race. But all they really accomplished in '69 was a flags & footprints mission. Yes, that was historic, but then they did the same thing 5 more times, and the significance of their achievements dropped more every time they did it. No wonder the general public stopped paying attentiion.

Most of us here have no problem understanding that the 'race' is to do long-term missions and possibly establish permanent outposts, neither of which have been done before. It's not the same race if you're running to a different finish line.
 
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Wickwick

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Cooperating with another genocidal totalitarian enemy state, Russia, is a gift to Russia. The idea space cooperation is more than political window dressing targeting the desperately naive is hilariously unworldly.

Enemy aerospace programs are not "civilian" activities. Funding enemy armed forces even more than the billions we permit in trade is dangerous not wise. The US has the option to work with the worlds largest democracy, India, instead of India's enemy, China. It can work with the democratic nations of Europe and Asia.
NASA's current relationship with Russia was an insurance policy for the US and its allies, not a gift to Russia. It was a means by which the US government paid rocket experts to not go work for weapons programs in places like Iran or North Korea. It's a bit of a convoluted way to go about achieving that goal, but that's politics for you.

And overall, it has been a very successful foreign policy program for the US. Russian rocket scientists, engineers, and technicians, have remained gainfully employed and have now gotten old enough to not longer be as great a risk for radicalization.

The amount of money transferred from the US to Russia is hardly a dent in the coffers of either country's economy, but the safety that has been purchased was way more cost effective than money spent on the military to achieve similar aims.
 
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MoonRock72

Smack-Fu Master, in training
68
Regarding some perceptions among commenters about competition and duplication of efforts ...

Independent replication of results is a key foundation of legitimate science. Having different organizations collect and analyze planetary samples actually helps overall scientific credibility.

Also, science itself is a very competitive enterprise. Being first to make a big discovery is an undeniable motivator among human scientists. In that context, competition also provides essential checks and balances on the quality of scientific evidence.
 
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Ceedave

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I don't see that as a counter example. I see that as a byproduct (the taxonomy) being poorly constructed, but the overall work as being beneficial due to the competition. Just because there was conflict over the outcomes of the work doesn't mean the work itself was bad due to competition. My opinion, YMMV. Although the benefits/consequences to all humanity from the work you point out may be less obvious?
The rush of competition caused the taxonomic confusion. If they had shared samples and worked collaboratively the confusion would have been avoided. I contend that this is a bad consequence of competition, and cooperation would have been better.

As to your final utilitarian argument, I confess it is not obvious to me which of (a) novel samples of lunar rocks or (b) understanding evolution of life in the Mesozoic is greater or lesser ”benefit/consequences to all humanity”. But this is an Ars rocket thread, so that balance of values may be atypical.

And anyway, the utilitarian argument isn’t related to your contention that scientific competition is always better than cooperation, viz.
Scientific competition, the pushing of boundaries to achieve results in a noncombative way is always going to be better than cooperation…
(my emphasis)
which is what I disagreed with, and still do.
 
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I saw this photo and thought about the images of the US doing a similar thing not that long ago with samples for an asteroid. All protective gear and moving the whole vessel into a sterile chamber before opening it.

Here the Chinese are "he's a visor, a windbreaker and some gloves. Go get us some space rocks!"

Made me laugh as how our method seemed overly cautious and theirs seems incredibly casual.
The moon samples are safely stored inside a container, so no worries about Earthlings contaminating them. We can be sure Chinese scientists/technicians will be opening that container in a sterile environment - just like they did the last time around. As for the capsule potentially contaminating earthlings with Moon baddies, America has already shown that to be of no concern a good 55 years ago!

America - being first - had to be extra cautious (and all). China did a great job to be sure, but it didn't have to learn absolutely everything from scratch - like we had to!
 
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Derecho Imminent

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No, it's absolutely not. The whole point of the scientific process is results are verfied by duplication. That's how science works.
Again, its not verification if methods are not shared. You verify an experiment by repeating exactly what was done, not by doing it your own way. Verification argues for cooperation.
 
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JFTestudo

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Thats just my opinion, as someone who thinks various entities competing, peacefully, for goals in space is a net good for humanity.
Key challenge there is peacefully. I think that's going to be the big problem in the future.

In terms of the political side -- I've been thinking about the way this lunar return mission was handled versus the way NASA handled the OSIRIS-REx return. I"m not going to call the United States innocent of political jingoism and propganda -- but the CCP operates on a completely different level, because of the personalization of power towards Xi Jinping.
 
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A huge asterisk on "works". We did work with Russia until they decided to politicize the ISS, ran out of Soyuz, and have little to offer anymore beyond massively overpriced seats (which fund genocides). Never mind they just launched a weapon into orbit, something not even China was keen on (aware the US roared "YES!!!! FINALLY!!!" and ran off to lockheed/raytheon/atk/spacex when they did). As far as "cooperation" goes anymore, it is on the same level with anyone else needing to track stuff in orbit which NASA does for just about everyone anymore. That's a whole other game. Anymore, Russia threw down a pathetic gauntlet on weaponizing space: Challenge Accepted. Been waiting for them to be dumb for 40 years... We will not tolerate Russian nukes hanging over our heads as a last ditch effort to appear like a capable nuclear power. Especially when not even China is interested in MAD beyond imminent defense. Russia seems to think preemptive strikes over visa disputes is "okay".

That said... I applaud China's advances in space exploration. They have a long way to go for sustainability, but most of their efforts feel more like the CCP is trying to hijack it for propaganda over the actual effort being propaganda. However, they have a HUGE economic crisis on the horizon I think will be cutting their plans short since they are still hemorrhaging money like their economy isn't shrinking. Much like the Soviets, when everything began to revolve around pretending to stability and ignoring the rot, eventually it all falls apart. Especially in ideological cults that rely on single points of failure. I hope the CCP recognizes this and course corrects for all our benefit.
The Ukraine is just the first one everyone decided to care about. The US was working with them through Chechnya, Crimea, and Georgia without any issues.
 
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McTurkey

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It's not necessarily wasteful. In science it's called replicating the experiment and verifying the results. It's actually super useful.

Now, in this case it's also stupidly expensive and since the results of getting into space are fairly binary (you either do or you don't) I'm not sure it's very useful.
Your argument is rather like suggesting that intercontinental travel is stupidly expensive and has binary results, so why bother figuring out a couple of different ways of organizing very complex engineering and supply chain systems to get there?
 
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pnellesen

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Yeah, pretty weird for a country to wave their flag about and engage in a bit of chest beating. Thankfully I live in a country where that sort of thing would be considered unbecoming.
You, sir, win the Internetz today. I wish I could upvote this more than once.
 
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