"Apple’s entry brought enhanced competition with Amazon via catalogue expansion, free e-book offerings, and improved e-reader software," Apple wrote. "Before Apple’s entry Amazon was setting 90% of prices for all brands; afterward, while Amazon continued to use the wholesale model for the bulk of its business, there were tens of thousands of new price-setters in the market. The result was that although some prices increased, others decreased, and, across the relevant market, prices on average decreased."